Sister Calista Roy - Adaptation theory

The Adaptation Theory

Five Interrelated Essential Elements (Walden University, 2011).

1. Patiency- The person receiving care
2. Goal of nursing- Adapting to change
3. Health-Being and becoming a whole person
4. Environment
5. Direction of nursing activities- Facilitating adaptation

• The person is an open adaptive system with input (stimuli), who adapts by processes or control mechanisms (throughput)
• The output can be either adaptive responses or ineffective responses

What does this mean to you? Hear what Sister Calista Roy has to say.

Roy's Adaptation Model Cartoon style from http://www.youtube.com/

Make sure you read your assigned chapters for tomorrows class. Be prepared to stand up in front of the class and demonstrate the application of Roy's model on a pretend patient.


References

(2011). Roy's Adaptation. Retreived from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-jbF-MrZY4.

Walden University (2011). Nursing Theorist. Retreived from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/nursing_theorists.html.

Dorothea Orem: The Self Care Deficit Theory

Ok students, you should be reading chapter 14 this week and preparing for our in class discussion on The Self Care Deficit Theory.

What exactly is it?
Well, Orem identified that her search began when she wanted to answer the question, " what conditions exists in a person when judgements are made that a nurse should be brought into the situation?" (Alligood & Tomey, 2011).

Have you ever been in a situation where you were worried you could no longer care for yourself?
Have you ever thought about why your patient's finally came to the hospital, what was the point where they identified they could no longer care for themselves?

We have all written care plans and identified a NANDA of self care deficit. But, did you ever stop and think about why the patient had a deficit, and how do I treat it?

Orem, decided that was the answer she wanted.
Check out this promo YHouTube video of Dorothea Orem.

Check out some of these websites to learn more about Orem's ideas on Self Care.

http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html

http://www.slideshare.net/jben501/dorothea-orem-theory

http://www.orem-society.com/

Interesting reading from the theoriest.

• Orem, D. E. (2001). Nursing: Concepts of practice (6th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.
• Orem, D.E. (2006). Part One: Dorothea E. Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory. In M.E. Parker, Nursing theories and nursing practice (2nd ed., pp. 141-149). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis

So how important is Orem's Self Care Deficit Theory?

Implications for Nursing Education
The Self-Care Framework provides a body of knowledge that can be used for curriculum development. The focus of both undergraduate and graduate nursing curricula is on components of self-care, self-care agency, self-care deficits, nursing agency, and nursing systems. Education for clinical skills emphasizes the methods of helping. (Taber's Dictonary, 2012).


References
Alligood, M. R. & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

Taber's (2012). Orem, Dorothea. Retreived from http://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/ub/view/Tabers/144305/0/DOROTHEA_OREM'S_SELF_CARE_FRAMEWORK_:_DOROTHEA_OREM'S_SELF_CARE_FRAMEWORK_

Betty Neuman

1924-present

The Systems Model

Neuman was one of the first two nurses to develop the nurse counselor role within community crisis centers.

The Neuman Systems Model is based on the theory of general systems. Stating that living organisms are an open system in interaction with each other and the environment around them.

What kinds of mental illnesses can you think of that are affected by their environment?

__________________________________________________________________________________

Check out this link and quiz yourself on how much you know about this theorist...
http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Neuman.html

http://nursingplanet.com/Quiz/nursing_theory_quiz1.html

A few other links with interesting information:
http://www.neumansystemsmodel.org/

http://www.nurses.info/nursing_theory_person_neuman_betty.htm

Betty Neuman via youtube.

The Systems Model reflects that health and the person has interactive systems that must all be functioning in unison to form a health individual. Many times it is difficult to get the person, health, and environment to coincide for a positive, healthy existence. One or more of these ingredients out of sequence can be cause of many illnesses both mental and physical.
Can you think of a time when something in the environment affected you and your health?
What about conflict within your self? Can worry or stress affect your mood, body, health?

Here is a little humor about how some medical facilities attempt to correct situations in ones health.

So make sure you read your chapters and know The Systems Model for our classroom discussions and case studies tomorrow.
Happy Health :)

References

Alligood, M. R. & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier.



Nola Pender

Nola Pender and the Health Promotion Model (Alligood & Tomey, 2010).

Check out this youtube video and see what Nola Pender says about her Health Promotion Model.

Pender published "A Conceptual Model for Preventative Health Behavior" in 1975 and was a study of how people made decisions about health in a nursing context. It was a listing of factors that influenced (both good and bad) peoples actions and how they approached health and disease prevention. 

In 1982 she published the original edition of the Health Promotion Model. It was later revised after research and a second edition was published in 1987, followed a 3rd edition in 1996, a 4th in 2002, and a fifth edition in 2006. 

Check out these websites for additional information

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1069052/

http://www.clayton.edu/health/nursing/nursingtheory

http://rcb.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/04/04/0034355212440732.abstract

Just to lighten the mood about nursing theory....

Nola Pender and the Health Promotion Model is my favorite nursing theorist. I also believe that if you can teach patients and the community about disease prevention and health promotion, then healthcare as a whole would be more effective and beneficial.

What are your thoughts?



References

Alligood, M. R. & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

 



Florence Nightingale

1820-1910

I thought some of you would like this video on everyones favorite nursing theorist, Florence Nightingale.

In addition to the assigned reading for this unit, I would also like you to look at some of these links for information that may not be in your books. Since she is one of the most popular women in this field, she is often referenced in many situations. Did you know she even has her own museum?

Check it out at:

http://www.florence-nightingale.co.uk/cms/

On the site you can learn many interesting facts about Nightingale and her contributions to nursing.

A few fun facts about Nightingale (Encyclopedia of World Biography | 2004 | COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. (Hide copyright information) Copyright).

1. She had a pet owl named Athena
2. She used a turkish lantern to light her way during the Crimean War. (one of the most favorable symbols that represent nursing today)
3. She was born in Florence, Italy
4. She and her nurses were able to travel and help soldiers during the crimean war due to a large sum of money raised for the cause by the London Times.



Florence Nightingale was awarded the Royal Red Cross (from Queen Victoria) and the Order of Merit in 1907(from King Edward VII). This was the first time the Order of Merit had been awarded to a woman.

Did you know that Nightingale appears in 9 issues of comic books in the 60's. Read about them and see the comics by visiting http://www.comicvine.com/florence-nightingale/29-19759/issues-cover/.

References

Alligood, M. R. & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

Moving forward in our adventure of nursing theories and theorist, we advance to Patricia Benner. She also focuses on caring in health care but incorporates clinical wisdom and ethics into nursing practice.

According to Alligood and Tomey (2010), Benner studies the clinical nursing practice in an attempt to relay the knowledge and ethical decision making that is embedded into every practicing nurse. She states that this clinical knowledge and critical thinking ability accrues over time through relationships with family, patients, co-workers, and in the situations nurses find themselves in on a daily basis.

Benner is known for her ability to differentiate between practical and theoretical nursing knowledge. I believe the difference to be that theoretical knowledge is the knowledge that is acquired in school and practical knowledge is the knowledge that you gain through experience in the clinical setting. Can you think of an experience where you gained practical knowledge that was different from your theoretical knowledge you were taught?

Did you know that Benner's theories are often used as a basis for professional staff development programs?
Also, many orientation programs for nursing programs, universities, and hospitals are based on Benner's model. Check out this website, articles, and videos of how Benner uses her own model in helping nurses excel.
http://www.educatingnurses.com/

http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Patricia_Benner_From_Novice_to_Expert.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxsBVPxS_zg



Patricia Benner

References

Alligood, M. R. & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

Introduction into Nursing Theory

"I think one's feelings waste themselves in words; they ought all to be distilled into actions which bring results."

                                                                                         Florence Nightingale




                                                                Welcome students                                                                    
     
         This blog has been created to help facilitate learning for the course Nursing Theorist 101. I hope that it helps to enhance your classroom experience and provides an area where you can come to receive answers to questions, learn new factoids, and help promote a creative and interactive experience to your learning.



Jean Watson

Transpersonal Caring Model

“The nurse enters the patient’s room, a feeling of expectation is created.” - Jean Watson

      For our first lecture we learned about Jean Watson and her contributions and ideas about theories and health. In 1979 Jean Watson developed the Transpersonal Caring Model. The following are some links to websites that discuss further some of the content we covered in our lecture materials.

http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Watson.html

http://www.innovativecaremodels.com/uploads/File/caring%20model/Overview%20JW%20Theory.pdf

Also check out the Watson Caring Institute. Just click on the link below.

http://www.watsoncaringscience.org/

"We are the light in institutional darkness, and in this model we get to return to the light of our humanity"

    Dr. Jean Watson, PhD, RN, AHN- BC, FAAN
         Watson Caring Science Institute 

Dr. Jean Watson, Founder, created her international nonprofit Watson Caring Science Institute in 2007 with the mission to restore the profound nature of caring-healing in today’s healthcare systems and to retain its most precious resource, caring professional nurses and transdisciplinary care team members.  

                                                                     

     Dr. Watson has been quoted as saying such things as, "nursing consist of knowledge, thought, values, philosophy, commitment, and action, with some degree of passion " (p. 98). Her theory asks that nurses go beyond the completion of tasks and procedure to develop a therapeutic and caring relationship with the patient that can often do more than the procedures itself.  She is determined to make it known that patients are people and they shall not be treated as a disease, procedure, or a task to be completed before the timeclock punchout.

How do you feel about Watson and her Transpersonal Caring Model?

References

Alligood, M.R., & Tomey, A.M. (2010). Nursing theoriest and their work (7th ed.). Mosby Elsevier.